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Learn the History of Linguistics and Its Development Into Modern Languages

Benjamin Sabin — Sat, 08 Jan 2011 16:44:58 +0000

Learn the History of Linguistics and Its Development Into Modern Languages

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Home Page > Education > Learn the History of Linguistics and Its Development Into Modern Languages

Learn the History of Linguistics and Its Development Into Modern Languages

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Posted: Aug 16, 2008 |Comments: 0
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Modern linguistics is a fairly young form of discipline as compared to history or philosophy. Linguistics’ modern field dates only as far back as the 19th century. It is regarded, though, that Ancient India and Greece both played remarkable roles on the formation of grammatical traditions. The literary and rhetoric analysis of the workings of human languages also dates back to both these ancient civilizations. In 1786, a major discovery has been made as it has been observed that languages have evolved separately but their sounds still correspond to their modern meanings.
A concrete example of similarities in sound is that of the English word father. The Latin form of this word is pater while the Sanskrit format is pitar. Another example is the word- for in English is spoken and written as per in Latin and pari in Sanskrit. Based on these examples, it can be said that languages remain similar in some aspects.
Scholars who have made this amazing discovery have also pointed out that there are thousands of words with the same similarities. This only proves that languages, no matter how numerous they are, have a single ancestor.
Nineteenth century linguistics focused on studying the nature of this mother language which was believed to be spoken 6,000 years ago. Modern linguistics also points out the role of Proto-Indo-European language which has evolved into Modern English, Hindi, Russian and other contemporary languages. Historical linguistics remains an active field of study nowadays and linguists have managed to group languages into families and a parent language.
Language Structure Studied
The beginning of the 20th century signaled the shift of attention from mere language changes to structural changes as well. At this century, the study has become more systematic and governed by principles and rules. Grammar has become the focus of linguists’ studies, also the sound structures and internal makeup of sentences and words.
By 1920s, Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure has come up with sophisticated methods of analyzing grammar-and so structural linguistics was finally born. The 1920s also proved to be the period of intensified language studies. With these studies, the theory that there was only a single language that parented all other languages has been intensified.
Noam Chomsky, a linguist in 1950s, has initiated the theory that the human brain has been programmed to certain grammatical properties thus there are limitations when it comes to the development of human languages. Numerous linguistic researches have been done to either prove or disprove this theory. There are various books and journals that focus on this controversial claim by Chomsky.
The Social Aspect of Languages
In the past half century, attention has been focused to the social and mental sides of a language. The sociolinguistics sub-field has been conceptualized mainly due to the social movements after the Second World War. Third World countries have been widely observed after the said war as these nations have staged liberations movements.
With these movements, it was questioned whether the language that these people then used would continue to be their major language; or shall it be a language that has evolved. This is also true with present-day Chicano Spanish and African-American slang.
Numerous scholars have studied the languages of such nations and are still on the process of pointing out the relevance of aspects such as gender and geography to the development of these countries’ modern tongues. This only proves that linguistics would be a continuous study of language; and also of people and events that may have an effect on its evolution.

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LEARNING TOYS – converting learning into a fun activity

Benjamin Sabin — Tue, 28 Dec 2010 09:15:43 +0000

LEARNING TOYS – converting learning into a fun activity

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Home Page > Shopping > Gifts > LEARNING TOYS – converting learning into a fun activity

LEARNING TOYS – converting learning into a fun activity

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With your new-born, you are always extra protective and want to shower all that is under your reach-financially and intelligently. In case of toddlers, only parents can decide as to which toy will suit the best. In fact there are so many toys in the market that it’s difficult to choose the best for your kid. Moreover, all the range is not available, at hand, in the market. Pictures puzzle intrigues and interests toddlers the most. Start with few-big-pieces puzzle and make your child sit along with you. Don’t ask him or her to play the game. Just follow the steps to solve the picture puzzle, yourself and let your child watch these steps to repeat them intelligently himself. You yourself will be amazed of the grasping power of your child. Help to reach his goal and clap when it’s done. This will certainly woo him to do it again. It is always very time consuming to teach the kids about the animals and their kids. But learning toys like Funskool has an educational tool which has compiled all the animals and their kids into a fun-learning process. Similar educational-games include joining Hindi and English alphabets and their matching pictures together. Learn Math the easy way. Few companies make the kids learn Math through counting, matching and taking turns. Bloch-building is one such game which consists of big blocks of different shapes, color, size and figures. These blocks enhance the constructive activity of kids and make them learn as to how to manage toys. Online shopping gives you the leverage of proper study of all the best available learning toys, in the comfort of your home and decides according to its description and usage for your child. In case of confusions, search; brand wise and shortlist few of them. Choose the best for your young-one by relooking at that list. A wide range of leading brands market their product of learning toys, online. These brands include Fisher Price, Funskool, Mitashi, Casio, etc which specialize in educational toys. Please visit online shopping portal and purchase kid’s toys as u wish.

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Author suggests to you purchase best n latest kids toys like learning toys, battery operated toys, remote control toys, soft toys, teddies, baby walkers, school accessories and many more.

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Learn Chinese – “Arrival Into Shanghai Airport 2″

Benjamin Sabin — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 16:54:07 +0000

Mandarin Learning & Chinese Speaking at a click with the household name in Mandarin Learning – AskBenny! Register now! www.AskBenny.Cn

Learn Chinese – “Arrival Into Shanghai Airport 3″

Benjamin Sabin — Sat, 30 Oct 2010 05:26:38 +0000

Mandarin Learning & Chinese Speaking at a click with the household name in Mandarin Learning – AskBenny! Register now! www.AskBenny.Cn

How can i get into helping people to learn and practise english? Just curious?

Benjamin Sabin — Mon, 20 Sep 2010 16:08:42 +0000

I have helped some people on msn to learn english, i enjoyed it but is there any pathway like a career like a teacher to help people learn english and especially help the ones who are from another country and struggle with english.

ForexLive Asian Session Wrap – Early Asia followed the US lead into positive territory only to fizzle in a lethargic …

Benjamin Sabin — Thu, 02 Sep 2010 05:15:34 +0000

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Learn a New Language by Immerging Into a New Culture

Benjamin Sabin — Sat, 31 Jul 2010 06:14:12 +0000

I was challenged to learn a new language for the first time in school. As our education system requires, every student should learn two foreign languages. Depending on the school, the students were learning English and French (as mine did) some of them English and German, and some of them English and Italian. I loved English (can’t say the same about French)!!! I tried hard to learn it. Believe me, this was a challenge in a class with 30 students and only one teacher! I learned mostly from books, reading and writing… and surprise, when the moment came to talk in English, I couldn’t find my words!!! Did you have the same problem? I know many friends who had the same experience. Some of them learned English with a dictionary and phrase books, and some of them joined English classes. Few of them became fluent in the new language fast, but most of us… we were trying and trying really hard.

After many years, moving to India, I was forced to learn Hindi. A difficult language!!! Different sounds, different script, and once again learning from books did not work. I’ve tried for some time, and reached a beginner level. I was able to survive, but I wasn’t content because of the inability to share my deep feelings and experiences with my Indian friends. Miscommunication due to the lack of language knowledge made life really difficult sometimes. In that moment I learnt about OnSite Language Services, an immersion language learning program which helps English/Spanish speaking people to learn Hindi/Urdu and other Indian languages. Its motto is “Immerse to Converse”, because they believe that immersion is the best way to learn a new language.

The principles of OSLS are natural, and yet I haven’t thought about them! Let’s learn as children do! What does it mean? Children learn through their everyday experience not through lessons; they acquire language which they need to use; they speak before they write and read. Through OSLS you become a child again; you learn to listen to the new language and to speak before you read or write. This does not mean that writing or reading is neglected, but the program concentrates on speaking. Being a community based language learning program, the students learn the new language mostly out in the community with natives or in private sessions with a language helper. This makes the relationships easy to build and learning culture a natural process. Of course, learning requires sweat, frustration and… humility: to recognize that you don’t know everything, to accept that people will laugh at you and to persist in having embarrassing language contacts.

So, what did I learn from my language learning experience? I learned… how to learn! I learned that immersion language learning is the most efficient method to learn a new language… as long as you work hard!!!

Gabi Andrei, OSLS Learner, a language acquisition program which invites people to learn Hindi and learn Urdu in India from native people not from books, an intensive language learning in a new culture.

Socialization, Culture, Norms and Values Into a Society

Benjamin Sabin — Fri, 23 Jul 2010 00:41:10 +0000

Socialization: Socialization is a process by which individual learn the culture of their society as it is the process of social learning and as such is a lifelong process. Without undergoing this process, an individual would bear little resemblance to any human being defined as normal by the standards of his or her society, e.g. so called “wolf children of midnapore” two females aged two and eight, were reportedly found in a wolf den in Bengali in 1920. They walked on all fours, preferred a diet of raw meat, they howled like wolves and lacked any form of speech.

Such an example indicates that socialization involving prolonged interaction with adults is essential not only for fitting new members into society but also the process of actually becoming human.

Culture: Ralph Linton: “The culture of a society is the way of life of its members; the collection of ideas and habits which they learn, share and transmit from generation to generation.

Since human beings have no instinct to direct their actions, their behaviour must be based on guidelines which are learned. But for a society to operate effectively, these guidelines must be shared by its members. Culture therefore has two essential qualities: firstly it is learned, secondly it is shared. Without it there would be no human society.

Culture defines accepted ways of behaving for members of a particular society. Such definitions vary from society to society. Every society has certain common problems to deal with for example the problem of dependent members such as the very young and the very old. However, solutions to such problems are culturally determined. It is to be noted that the solutions provided in one society may well be regarded as indefensible by members of other societies, e.g. under certain circumstances, “infanticide and geronticide” have been practiced by certain groups of Australian aborigines, Eskimos and Caribou Indians.

Norms: Norms are guidelines which direct conduct in particular situations. It is a specific guide to action which defines acceptable and appropriate behaviour in various particular situations, e.g. Norms governing dress which vary from society to society.

Norms are enforced by POSITIVE and NEGATIVE sanctions that is rewards and punishments. Sanctions can be informal such as an approving or disapproving glance, or formal, such as a reward or a fine given by an official body.

Usually, the threat of negative sanctions is sufficient to enforce normative behaviour. Conversely an admiring glance a word of praise or an encouraging smile provides rewards for conformity to social norms.

Values: Unlike norms which provide specific directives for conduct, values provide more general guidelines. A value is a belief that something is good and desirable. It defined what is important, worthwhile and worth striving for. In the west for example the value of materialism motivates individuals to invest time and energy producing and acquiring material possessions. In term of Sioux values which place a high value on generosity, the acquisitive individual of western society would at best be regarded as peculiar and more probably would be condemned as grasping self-seeking and antisocial. Shared norms and values are essential for the operation of human.

Primary socialization, probably the most important aspect of the socialization process, takes place during infancy, usually within the family. Through the family, the child learns the language and many of the basic behaviour patterns of its society.

Ultimately, the agents of socialization are the family, the educational system, the peer group, the occupational group and mass-media.